驾驶次任务沉浸等级对接管行为的影响分析

王彦峰; 陈浩林; 赵晓华; 李海舰; 李振龙; 付强

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.01.016

驾驶次任务沉浸等级对接管行为的影响分析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.01.016

1.
北京交通运输职业学院汽车经济管理系北京 102618
2.
北京工业大学城市交通学院北京 100124

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 52072012

详细信息

作者简介:
王彦峰（1975—），硕士，副教授.研究方向：车辆工程.E-mail: jtxxwyf@163.com

通讯作者:
赵晓华（1971—），博士，教授.研究方向：驾驶行为与交通安全.E-mail: zhaoxiaohua@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: U491.25
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-31

A Study on the Impact of Immersion Levels of Non-driving-related Tasks on Takeover Behavior

1.
Department of Automotive Economic Management, Beijing Vocational Transportation College, Beijing 102618, China
2.
College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

摘要

摘要:
为探究自动驾驶中驾驶次任务沉浸等级对接管行为的影响，基于驾驶模拟器搭建自动驾驶接管行为测试平台，设计事故接管场景，基于驾驶次任务（娱乐任务和工作任务）和接管请求时间（5 s和10 s）因素组合开发4个事故接管情景，招募被试参与驾驶模拟实验并采集驾驶人的接管行为数据，选择速度、横向偏移、接管反应时间和接管正确时间4个指标衡量接管行为。研究结果表明：①速度随着驾驶次任务沉浸等级的降低而降低，接管车辆后的降速幅度随之增大；接管请求时间为5 s时，驾驶次任务沉浸等级对横向偏移具有显著影响；②接管请求时间为10 s时，驾驶次任务沉浸等级对接管反应时间具有弱显著性（p = 0.056 < 0.1）, 接管反应时间随着驾驶次任务沉浸等级的增加而逐级降低（低沉浸等级=3.94 s；中沉浸等级=3.45 s；高沉浸等级=3.21 s）；驾驶次任务沉浸等级对接管正确时间均具有统计学差异（5 s时：p =0.031 < 0.05；10 s时：p =0.019 < 0.05），接管正确时间随着驾驶次任务沉浸等级的上升而降低；③在相同驾驶次任务条件下，接管反应时间随着驾驶次任务沉浸等级的升高而降低，统计结果表明驾驶次任务与驾驶次任务沉浸等级的交互作用对接管反应时间无统计学差异，而对接管正确时间具有显著影响。
- 事故场景 /
- 自动驾驶 /
- 接管行为 /
- 驾驶次任务沉浸等级 /
- 影响分析 /
- 驾驶模拟器
Abstract:
This study aims to study the effects of high, medium, and low levels of immersion of non-driving-related (NDR)tasks on the takeover behavior under automated driving. Test scenarios are developed using a driving simulator. There are four takeover scenarios developed based on the task of non-driving-related activity(entertainment and work task)and time to collision(5 s and 10 s). To collect data on takeover behavior, volunteer drivers are recruited for a driving simulation. In order to measure takeover behavior, four metrics are used: speed, lateral deviation, responding time, and takeover correct time(TCT). The results show that: ①the vehicle speed decreases as the immersion level of NDR tasks decreases, and the deceleration rate increases after taking over the vehicle. When the time to collision is 5 s, the level of immersion of NDR tasks significantly affects lateral deviation. ②When the time to collision is 10s, the level of immersion of NDR tasks has a weaker significance on the takeover response time (p =0.056 < 0.1), and it decreases as the immersion level increases(low immersion level=3.94 s; medium immersion level=3.45 s; high immersion level=3.21 s). A significant difference between the level of immersion of NDR task and the time of takeover has been found(time to collision 5s: p =0.031 < 0.05;time to collision 10 s: p =0.019 < 0.05). That is, the time for takeover decreases as the level of immersionofNDR tasks increases. ③ With the same NDR task, the takeover responding time decreases as the immersion level increases. According to the results of statistical analysis, the interaction between NDR tasks and their immersion level does not affect the response time for takeover significantly, however, it does affect the TCT.
- accident scene /
- automated driving /
- takeover behavior /
- non-driving-related task immersion levels /
- impact analysis /
- driving simulator

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图 1 自动驾驶接管行为测试平台

Figure 1. The test platform of takeover behavior in automated driving

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图 2 HMI设计

Figure 2. HMI design

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图 3 前方事故接管场景

Figure 3. Scene of accident takeover ahead

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图 4 横向稳定状态判别

Figure 4. Lateral stability state discrimination

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图 5 不同驾驶次任务沉浸等级条件下的速度和横向偏移指标分析

Figure 5. V and LD indicators analysis of NDRT immersion level

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图 6 不同驾驶次任务沉浸等级条件下的接管反应时间和接管正确时间指标分析

注：^*表示具有显著性（p < 0.05）

Figure 6. TRT and TCT indicators analysis of NDRT immersion level

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图 7 不同驾驶次任务条件下沉浸等级对接管反应时间和接管正确时间的影响差异分析

注：^*表示具有显著性（p < 0.05）

Figure 7. Influence of immersion level on TRT and TCT under different NDRT

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表 1 接管情景

Table 1. Takeover scenario

接管情景		接管请求时间/s
接管情景		5	10
驾驶次任务	工作任务	S1	S2
驾驶次任务	娱乐任务	S3	S4

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 驾驶次任务沉浸等级聚类结果

Table 2. Clustering results of NDRT immersion level 单位: s

沉浸等级	娱乐任务沉浸时长	工作任务沉浸时长
低沉浸等级	(19.35，49.22]	(15.60，50.00]
中沉浸等级	(49.22，76.00]	(50.00，79.63]
高沉浸等级	(76.00，134.95]	(79.63，143.63]

下载: 导出CSV

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